The last term, resistance, is the substance's opposition to the flow of an electric current. Amperage is related to the flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. Voltage refers to the potential difference between two points in an electrical field. It describes relationship between voltage, amperage (otherwise known as current) and resistance.

Vehicles Traffic Flow and Density - Traffic flow and density as used in highway design.Ohm's Law is one of the basic laws of physics.

Velocity and Time (km/h) - Speed (km/h) vs. Velcocity and Time Used (mph) - Speed (mph) and time (hours) and distance traveled (miles) chart.

Piston Engines - Displacement - Calculate piston engine displacement.

Piston Engines - Compression Ratios - Cylinder volume and compression ratios in piston engines.

Kinetic Energy - Energy possessed by an object's motion is kinetic energy.

Impulse and Impulse Force - Forces acting a very short time are called impulse forces.

Impact Force - Impact forces acting on falling objects hitting the ground, cars crashing and similar cases.

Fuel Consumption - mpg - Calculate fuel consumption in miles per gallon - mpg - calculator and consumption charts.Friction - Friction Coefficients and Calculator - Friction theory with calculator and friction coefficients for combinations of materials like ice, aluminum, steel, graphite and many more.Formulas of Motion - Linear and Circular - Linear and angular (rotation) acceleration, velocity, speed and distance.Electrical Vehicle Charging - Power vs.Efficiency of Small Machine Elements - Friction and efficiency in bearings and roller chains.Drag Coefficient - The drag coefficient quantifies the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment.Disk Brakes - Torque and Force - Forces and torque activated with disk brakes.

Centripetal and Centrifugal Acceleration Force - Forces due to circular motion and centripetal / centrifugal acceleration.Old Car Cost Calculator - Calculate and compare the costs between owning a new vs. Car Fuel Consumption - liter/100 km - Calculate fuel consumption in liter per km - consumption chart and calculator.Car Acceleration - Car acceleration calculator.Car - Traction Force - Adhesion and tractive force between car wheel and surface.Car - Required Power and Torque - Power, torque, efficiency and wheel force acting on a car.Bodies Moving on Inclined Planes - Acting Forces - Required forces to move bodies up inclined planes.Mechanics - Forces, acceleration, displacement, vectors, motion, momentum, energy of objects and more.Dynamics - Motion - velocity and acceleration, forces and torque.The rolling resistance for one wheel can be calculated as

compare car rolling resistance with car air resistance (drag).The rolling resistance for all four wheels in a car with total weight 1500 kg on asphalt with rolling friction coefficient 0.03 can be estimated with the generic equation 1 as Increasing the pressure to 3.5 bar reduces the rolling resitance coefficient toĬ = 0.005 + (1 / (3.5 bar)) (0.01 + 0.0095 ((90 km/h) / 100) 2)Įxample - The Rolling Resistance of a Car on Asphalt The standard wheel pressure in a Tesla Model 3 is 2.9 bar (42 psi). V = velocity (km/h) Example - Wheel Pressure & Rolling Resistance Coefficient The rolling coefficients for air filled tires on dry roads can be estimatedĬ = 0.005 + (1 / p) (0.01 + 0.0095 (v / 100) 2) (3) Ordinary car tires on concrete, new asphalt, cobbles small newĬar tire on solid sand, gravel loose worn, soil medium hard

Resistance physics calculator